利用Cloud-Init快速创建Debian-11
前言
有时候需要多个节点环境来测试或验证，那么就可以结合 Cloud-init工具来快速实现。
环境
- OS:
Proxmox-VE 7.2 - 虚拟机系统：
debian-11
安装工具包
安装镜像编辑工具包
# apt-get install libguestfs-tools
下载镜像
# mkdir cloud_img && cd cloud_img
# wget https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/bullseye/latest/debian-11-nocloud-amd64.qcow2
更多下载地址： https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/bullseye/latest/
配置系统镜像
export IMAGE_NAME=debian-11-nocloud-amd64.qcow2
cat>sources.list<<EOF
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
EOF
virt-customize --hostname "debian-11-tpl.vqiu.local" \
--ssh-inject root:file:/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub \
--root-password password:Passw@rd \
--upload ./sources.list:/etc/apt/sources.list \
--install cloud-init,htop,vim,qemu-guest-agent,curl,wget,bash-completion \
--timezone "Asia/Shanghai" \
--run-command "systemctl stop postfix rpcbind.socket" \
--firstboot-command "dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server" \
--delete '/var/log/*.log'. -a ${IMAGE_NAME}
创建虚拟机模板
export VM_ID=9000
export IMAGE_NAME=debian-11-nocloud-amd64.qcow2
qm create ${VM_ID} --cores 2 --memory 2048 --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr0
将下载的qcow2镜像文件导入至 Local-lvm
qm importdisk ${VM_ID} ${IMAGE_NAME} local-lvm
添加刚导入的系统盘
qm set ${VM_ID} --scsihw virtio-scsi-pci --scsi0 local-lvm:vm-${VM_ID}-disk-0
将系统盘扩容到50G，当前为2G
qm resize ${VM_ID} scsi0 +48G
添加cloudinit设备
qm set ${VM_ID} --ide2 local-lvm:cloudinit
设置第一启动设备为硬盘
qm set ${VM_ID} --boot c --bootdisk scsi0
设置显示设备
qm set ${VM_ID} --serial0 socket --vga serial0
转换成模板
qm template ${VM_ID}
启用qemu-agent，默认不启用
qm set ${VM_ID} --agent enabled=1
以上操作可以通过以下脚本来实现
#!/usr/bin/env bash
export VM_ID=9000
export IMAGE=debian-11-nocloud-amd64.qcow2
export CPU=2
export MEMORY=2048
qm create ${VM_ID} --cores ${CPU} --memory ${MEMORY} --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr0
qm importdisk ${VM_ID} ${IMAGE} local-lvm
qm set ${VM_ID} --scsihw virtio-scsi-pci --scsi0 local-lvm:vm-${VM_ID}-disk-0
qm set ${VM_ID} --ide2 local-lvm:cloudinit
qm set ${VM_ID} --boot c --bootdisk scsi0
qm set ${VM_ID} --serial0 socket --vga serial0
qm set ${VM_ID} --agent enabled=1
qm template ${VM_ID}
# 系统盘扩容，在原来的基础上新增42G
qm resize ${VM_ID} scsi0 +48G
通过模版部署一台虚拟机
export VM_ID=113
export VM_NAME=master-1
export IP_ADDR=172.30.109.201/24
export IP_GW=172.30.109.1
export DNS=114.114.114.114,114.114.115.115
export CPU_CORE=2
export MEM_SIZE=4096
qm clone 9000 $VM_ID --name $VM_NAME --full
qm set $VM_ID --cores $CPU_CORE --memory $MEM_SIZE
qm set $VM_ID --ipconfig0 ip=${IP_ADDR},gw=${IP_GW}
qm set $VM_ID --nameserver $DNS
#qm set $VM_ID --searchdomain vqiu.local
qm set $VM_ID --sshkey ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
qm start $VM_ID
ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa root@$VM_ID
提示：配置IP地址，机器必须要关机状态，重新开机才生效。
批量创建
#!/usr/bin/env bash
VM_ID_LIST=(
131
132
133
)
for id in ${VM_ID_LIST[@]}
do
qm clone 9000 $id --name vm-$id
qm set $id --cores 2 --memory 4096
qm set $id --ipconfig0 ip=172.30.109.${id}/24,gw=172.30.109.1
qm set $id --nameserver 172.30.109.1
qm set $id --sshkey ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
qm start $id
done
附录
1、如何通过后台更改系统密码？
# qm guest passwd <ID> <USER>
提示：debian11默认密码为空，修改密码前提需要安装了
qemu-guest-agent
2、如何查看系统已分配的磁盘？
# pvesm list local-lvm
3、如何为某VM新增1块100G数据盘？
# pvesm alloc local-lvm $VM_ID '' 100G
# qm set $VM_ID --scsi11 local-lvm:vm-$VM_ID-disk-1,discard=on
# qm config $VM_ID | grep scsi1
4、如何使用命令为虚机创建快照?
# qm snapshot 111 ready_install_k8s
